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ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

By SWA
A list of publication about SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and ACE2.  ACE2, Circumventricular Organs and the Hypothalamus, and COVID-19 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9023728/ ACE2 in Brain Physiology and Pathophysiology: Evidence from Transgenic Animal Models https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7089194/ Neurological damages in COVID-19 patients: Mechanisms and preventive interventions https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mco2.247 The interaction between ACE2, zinc and copper: COVID-19: Zinc and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Deficiencies as Determinants of Risk and Severity of Disease: A Narrative Review https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34251655/ Zn2+ and Cu2+ Interaction with the Recognition Interface of ACE2 for SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10252707/ Copper levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis https://www.aaem.pl/Copper-levels-in-patients-with-rheumatoid-arthritis,71934,0,2.html Gen
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Cause: Fibrinogen degradation or specifically leading to the formation of white thrombi?

By SWA
The formation of "white thrombi," which are primarily composed of platelets and fibrin with few red blood cells, often occurs in high shear rate environments such as arteries. The primary cause of these thrombi is not typically attributed directly to fibrinogen degradation; instead, the mechanisms involved in the formation of white thrombi are more related to platelet aggregation and activation, and the fibrin network formation. However, there are several important factors and conditions that can indirectly relate to fibrinogen's role in thrombosis, including: Platelet Activation : White thrombi are rich in platelets that have been activated by various stimuli, such as exposure to subendothelial collagen at a site of vascular injury or shear stress. Activated platelets release substances like ADP and thromboxane A2, which further promote platelet aggregation. Fibrinogen to Fibrin Conversion : Fibrinogen, a soluble plasma protein, is converted to fibrin strands by the acti
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Regarding anticoagulant therapy

By SWA
My concern highlights an important tension in evidence-based medicine between adhering strictly to the evidence hierarchy and the practical need to make clinical decisions in the face of incomplete data. My point about patient awareness and education regarding anticoagulant therapy, such as warfarin (often known by the brand name Coumadin in the U.S. and as Marcumar in other countries), is extremely important and merits attention within the broader discussion of treating venous thromboembolisms (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and superficial vein thrombosis (SVT). Another concern is about the long term use of aspirin and possible overdose. The broader discussion of patient safety and medication management in the treatment of venous thromboembolisms (like DVT and SVT) is important. Aspirin is sometimes used in a preventive or therapeutic capacity for various cardiovascular conditions, and understanding the risks. "If a person takes a very large dose of aspirin at
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Immune System, Hormones and cognitive function.

By SWA
It is known that viruses and bacteria affect the immune system's response. I aim to shed light on a persistent and often overlooked critical issue: how an imbalance of two key hormones can disrupt the immune system, leading to extreme fatigue, emotional overreaction, and brain fog. Abstract In this paper I explore the multifaceted roles of cortisol and adrenaline, two critical hormones released by the adrenal glands, and their significant effects on both the immune system and cognitive functions. Cortisol, often labeled as a stress hormone, is primarily involved in reducing inflammation by suppressing various components of the immune system. Conversely, its low levels can lead to an exacerbated inflammatory response and potential autoimmune conditions. Adrenaline, associated with the "fight or flight" response, influences immune system activity and energy mobilization, though its prolonged elevation can suppress immune functions. We further examine how dysregulated levels
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Winging of the Scapula: Serratus Anterior Palsy

By SWA
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  What causes serratus anterior palsy? Serratus anterior palsy is typically caused by direct trauma or overuse, leading to isolated paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle, a condition that is relatively rare. What happens if the serratus anterior is damaged? Damage to the serratus anterior often results in pain in the chest, back, or arm. This damage can also hinder the ability to lift the arm overhead or maintain a normal range of motion in the arm and shoulder. What causes weak serratus anterior? Weakness in the serratus anterior muscle is primarily caused by neuropathies of the long thoracic nerve. This condition leads to limitations in shoulder movements, changes in the contour of the posterior thorax, and sometimes aching in the shoulder. The most affected movements include forward flexion and abduction, particularly above shoulder level. Winging of the scapula (scapular winging) Winging of the scapula, also known as scapular winging, is characterized by the
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