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Case report: Medical Summary – Hemostasis Evaluation

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Patient Overview Complex hemostatic profile with coexistence of bleeding tendency and prothrombotic factors , requiring individualized risk assessment. 1. Known / Suspected Conditions Possible Von Willebrand disease type 2 → qualitative platelet adhesion defect (bleeding tendency) Possible Factor V Leiden → increased thrombotic risk Persistent antiphospholipid antibodies → possible evolving Antiphospholipid syndrome 2. Key Laboratory Findings 2022 (acute phase) Elevated inflammatory markers (CRP, leukocytes, LDH) Coagulation abnormalities: INR ↑, Quick ↓, PTT ↑ Reduced vitamin K–dependent factors (II, VII, IX, X) Elevated D-dimer Positive lupus anticoagulant Interpretation: Consistent with anticoagulation effect and acute inflammation 2023 (follow-up) Lupus anticoagulant: negative β2-Glycoprotein IgM: markedly elevated Cardiolipin IgM: elevated Interpretation: Persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (IgM) No persistent lupus anticoagulant 3. ...
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Stevens–Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

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Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare but life-threatening diseases that affect the skin and mucous membranes. They are usually caused by medications, especially antibiotics, antiepileptic drugs, and pain relievers, although infections can also trigger them. SJS involves less than 10% skin detachment, TEN involves more than 30%, and intermediate cases are called SJS/TEN overlap. A person with SJS often encounters primary care providers who have limited understanding of this life-threatening illness and may prescribe inappropriate medications.   The disease develops through a severe immune reaction in which cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells attack keratinocytes, leading to widespread skin cell death. Several pathways are involved, including granzyme, Fas/FasL, perforin, and inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ. Genetic susceptibility also plays an important role, as certain HLA alleles are linked to higher risk in spe...
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Research Proposal: Investigating Cortical Homunculus Dysfunction and Pain Sensitivity Mapping in ME/CFS and Post-COVID Conditions

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  1. Background and Rationale The cortical homunculus represents the somatotopic organization of the human body within the primary motor and sensory cortices. This organization reflects the unequal distribution of neural resources, with highly sensitive or finely controlled body regions (e.g., hands, lips, face) occupying disproportionately large cortical areas. Originally described by Wilder Penfield and Edwin Boldrey , this model remains central to understanding how the brain processes sensory input and motor output. ME/CFS and post-COVID conditions frequently involve neurological symptoms such as localized pain, hypersensitivity (hyperalgesia or allodynia), and muscle weakness. While current research focuses on neuroinflammation and autonomic dysfunction, the potential role of somatotopic cortical disruption—particularly involving pain sensitivity—remains insufficiently explored. Given the close functional relationship between the sensory homunculus and the supplementary mot...
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