Five types of shock, their causes, symptoms, and treatments.

By SWA

Summary:

  • Cardiogenic Shock

    • Cause: Heart's inability to pump enough blood.
    • Symptoms: Hypotension, tachycardia, shallow respirations, oliguria, confusion, cool/clammy skin.
    • Treatment: IV fluids, O2 therapy, vasopressors and inotropes.

  • Hypovolemic Shock

    • Cause: Severe bleeding or fluid loss (burns, trauma).
    • Symptoms: Hypotension, tachycardia, shallow respirations, oliguria, confusion, restlessness, cool/clammy skin.
    • Treatment: Initiate IV fluid therapy, O2 therapy, blood transfusion may be required.

  • Septic Shock

    • Cause: Infection leading to severe sepsis.
    • Symptoms: Hypotension, tachycardia, increased respirations, oliguria (late stage), fever, initial stage flushed and warm.
    • Treatment: IV fluid therapy, O2 therapy, antibiotics, inotropes.

  • Anaphylactic Shock

    • Cause: Severe allergic reaction (drugs, food, insect bite).
    • Symptoms: Hypotension, tachycardia, shortness of breath, bronchoconstriction, oliguria, decreased LOC (level of consciousness), hives, flushed/itching, localized edema.
    • Treatment: O2 therapy, IV therapy, epinephrine, albuterol, antihistamines, hydrocortisone (corticosteroids).

  • Neurogenic Shock

    • Cause: Damage to the nervous system.
    • Symptoms: Hypotension, bradycardia, affects breathing (depending on the type of injury), decreased LOC, dry/warm skin, no bladder control (depending on the type of injury).
    • Treatment: IV fluid therapy, O2 therapy, inotropic agents, atropine for severe bradycardia.

    • Comments

    Post a Comment

    Popular posts from this blog

    Toxic Skin Condition Post-mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination

    By SWA
    Image
    Identifying Severe Skin Conditions Post-Vaccination Following administration of the BioNTech mRNA vaccine, a small subset of individuals may develop severe and complex reactions. These reactions are often misdiagnosed or misunderstood due to their rarity and diverse presentation. This essay examines a case characterized by severe skin conditions, systemic symptoms, and complications such as hypercalcemia and crystal formation. It highlights the need for accurate diagnosis, holistic management, and increased awareness of these rare but significant vaccine-related adverse events. Initial Symptoms and Misdiagnoses Severe symptoms began shortly after the first dose of the BioNTech vaccine, initially presenting as petechiae, diagnosed by a rheumatologist. However, following the second dose, symptoms rapidly escalated, resulting in intense burning pain and thinning of the skin. The skin on the legs and thighs became paper-thin and could tear with the slightest touch, with the affected area e...
    Read more

    Dysferlin Protein: Key Roles, Genetic Locations

    By SWA
    Image
    The purpose of this article is to share and discuss the details of a new discovery, which is highlighted within: CRISPR-Cas9: A Breakthrough Tool to Repair the DYSF Gene The dysferlin protein plays an essential role in maintaining the integrity of muscle cell membranes, particularly in tissues that endure significant mechanical stress, such as skeletal and cardiac muscles . Encoded by the DYSF gene , dysferlin is indispensable for repairing damaged cell membranes after injury caused by muscle contraction or external forces. This article explores the main locations where dysferlin is produced, its role in muscle repair, and supportive nutritional and therapeutic strategies for individuals with dysferlin deficiency, such as those affected by dysferlinopathies (e.g., Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2B or Miyoshi Myopathy). Currently, there is no definitive answer as to why the severity of dysferlin protein expression or depletion varies. Do pathogens play a role in the methylation o...
    Read more

    Is ME CFS connected to Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) or Post Polio?

    By SWA
    Image
    Today, I understand why Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) received little attention, particularly in the mid-50s. This complex and debilitating genetic illness was poorly understood, and patients' symptoms were often minimized or even dismissed. For more information, please visit the Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) page on MalaCards . Even now, many neurologists lack detailed knowledge of SMA, and comprehensive examinations mentioned in research are rarely pursued. In 2008, while investigating permanent adrenal insufficiency, an MRI ordered by my endocrinologist unexpectedly revealed Chiari Malformation II. However, surgery in 2009 brought no improvement. In 2010, a DNA test showed a genetic marker in the ACTN3 gene: https://www.malacards.org/search/results?q=ACTN3%20gene%20and%20Spinal%20Muscular%20Atrophy%20(SMA) A 2015 MRI revealed ankylosing spondylitis, multiple Tarlov cysts, stenosis at L4 and L5, spinal canal narrowing, and widespread degenerative changes. Surgery on L4 and L5 ...
    Read more