Adenosine, Epinephrine, and Adrenaline: Mechanisms of Interaction and Therapeutic Uses
Introduction Adenosine and epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) are critical agents in the regulation of cardiovascular and respiratory functions. Despite their similar involvement in these systems, they often exhibit opposing actions. Understanding their interactions and therapeutic applications is crucial in clinical settings, particularly in emergencies such as cardiac arrest and severe allergic reactions. Adenosine is also notable for its inclusion in certain COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, where it can paradoxically cause irregular heartbeats in some cases, despite its common use in treating specific arrhythmias. This might explain some cases of sudden heart attacks. Adenosine: Mechanism and Anti-Platelet Action Adenosine is a nucleoside that plays a pivotal role in biochemical processes such as energy transfer (e.g., ATP) and signal transduction (cAMP). In the cardiovascular system, adenosine acts as a vasodilator and a regulator of myocardial oxygen consumption and blood flow. I...