Q and A: about health and research

For many people grappling with chronic illness, the journey to a proper diagnosis can be long, confusing, and disheartening. You may feel like you're caught in a revolving door of symptoms—crippling fatigue, brain fog, widespread pain—only to be dismissed, misdiagnosed, or left without answers. For years, many patients have been told they have Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) , a condition characterized by profound fatigue and post-exertional malaise, but lacking a known cause or effective treatment. Yet another, often overlooked, diagnosis— Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (CIRS) —may explain what ME/CFS cannot. This article explores the difference between ME/CFS and CIRS , how they can be confused, and why recognizing the role of toxic environmental exposure and biotoxins may be crucial in finding the right path to healing. A Personal Reflection: Searching for the Missing Link Like many others, I spent years searching for answers, unable to...

Genetic clotting disorders such as Factor V Leiden and Factor II (Prothrombin G20210A) mutations are common causes of inherited thrombophilia. These conditions increase the likelihood of developing dangerous blood clots. When both mutations are present, the risk is significantly elevated. Additionally, disorders involving von Willebrand Factor (VWF) can cause serious bleeding problems. Management of these conditions involves careful balance—preventing abnormal clotting while avoiding excessive bleeding, especially when anticoagulants are prescribed. Overview of Genetic Clotting and Bleeding Disorders Factor V Leiden Factor V Leiden is a genetic mutation that makes Factor V resistant to breakdown by activated Protein C (APC), a key anticoagulant protein. As a result, clotting activity is prolonged, increasing the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). It is the most common hereditary cause of thrombophilia, particularly in individuals of European descent. Factor II (Prothrombin ...