A summary of Von Willebrand factor (VWF), fibrin, and fibrinogen

By SWA

Von Willebrand factor (VWF), fibrin, and fibrinogen are essential components of the blood clotting process, each with distinct functions:

  1. Fibrinogen Production:

    • Fibrinogen is produced primarily in the liver, specifically by hepatocytes (liver cells). It is synthesized and released into the bloodstream.
    • The production of fibrinogen is regulated by various factors, including cytokines and hormones, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 (IL-1). These factors can stimulate the liver to produce more fibrinogen in response to inflammation or injury.
    • Fibrinogen is considered a soluble plasma protein, meaning it circulates in the blood in an inactive form.

 Von Willebrand Factor (VWF):

    • VWF facilitates platelet adhesion and aggregation.
    • It acts as a bridge between platelets and damaged blood vessel walls.
    • VWF is produced by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes and plays a role in stabilizing factor VIII.

  2. Fibrinogen:

    • Fibrinogen is a soluble plasma protein produced in the liver.
    • It is enzymatically converted into fibrin when blood clotting is initiated.
    • Fibrin forms a mesh-like structure in blood clots, trapping blood cells and providing structural support.

  3. Fibrin:

    • Fibrin is the insoluble protein that constitutes the framework of blood clots.
    • It is formed from fibrinogen through enzymatic cleavage, primarily by thrombin.
    • Fibrin traps blood cells within the clot, ensuring clot stability.

These proteins work in conjunction with other factors in the coagulation cascade to orchestrate the formation of blood clots, which are crucial for hemostasis and preventing excessive bleeding when blood vessels are damaged.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Is ME CFS connected to Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) or Post Polio?

By SWA
Image
Today, I understand why Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) received little attention, particularly in the mid-50s. This complex and debilitating genetic illness was poorly understood, and patients' symptoms were often minimized or even dismissed. For more information, please visit the Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) page on MalaCards . Even now, many neurologists lack detailed knowledge of SMA, and comprehensive examinations mentioned in research are rarely pursued. In 2008, while investigating permanent adrenal insufficiency, an MRI ordered by my endocrinologist unexpectedly revealed Chiari Malformation II. However, surgery in 2009 brought no improvement. In 2010, a DNA test showed a genetic marker in the ACTN3 gene: https://www.malacards.org/search/results?q=ACTN3%20gene%20and%20Spinal%20Muscular%20Atrophy%20(SMA) A 2015 MRI revealed ankylosing spondylitis, multiple Tarlov cysts, stenosis at L4 and L5, spinal canal narrowing, and widespread degenerative changes. Surgery on L4 and L5 ...
Read more

Cytokine Storm, Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS), Endothelial Dysfunction and microclots/thrombosis?

By SWA
Could a virus be the stimulus for cytokine production?   It is well established, but rarely  tested, that a cytokine storm is an overactive immune response characterized by the excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. ( ANA, CRP, and CBC tests are necessary) It can occur in various conditions, such as severe infections (e.g., COVID-19), (and other viruses), autoimmune diseases, and after certain treatments.  Serositis and lymphopenia are common features of systemic lupus erythematosus following SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report and literature review These cells are called NKG2D+CD8+ T cells and researchers say their aggressive response is responsible for neurological damage suffered from infections beyond just Zika, like COVID-19 and even septic shock. The aggressive response is the result of the body producing large amounts of inflammatory proteins called cytokines, which in moderation help to coordinate the body’s response in battling an infection...
Read more

Toxic Skin Condition Post-mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination

By SWA
Image
Identifying Severe Skin Conditions Post-Vaccination Following administration of the BioNTech mRNA vaccine, a small subset of individuals may develop severe and complex reactions. These reactions are often misdiagnosed or misunderstood due to their rarity and diverse presentation. This essay examines a case characterized by severe skin conditions, systemic symptoms, and complications such as hypercalcemia and crystal formation. It highlights the need for accurate diagnosis, holistic management, and increased awareness of these rare but significant vaccine-related adverse events. Initial Symptoms and Misdiagnoses Severe symptoms began shortly after the first dose of the BioNTech vaccine, initially presenting as petechiae, diagnosed by a rheumatologist. However, following the second dose, symptoms rapidly escalated, resulting in intense burning pain and thinning of the skin. The skin on the legs and thighs became paper-thin and could tear with the slightest touch, with the affected area e...
Read more