Glandular fever explained

By SWA

Glandular fever, also known as infectious mononucleosis, is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV is a type of herpes virus that is very common. Most people will be infected with EBV at some point in their lives, usually during childhood or adolescence. However, only a small number of people will develop glandular fever.

The EBV virus is spread through saliva. This can happen through:

  • Kissing
  • Sharing utensils or drinking glasses
  • Coughing or sneezing
  • Contact with saliva on toys or other objects

The virus can also be spread through blood transfusions, but this is very rare.

Once the EBV virus enters the body, it infects white blood cells called B cells. These cells help the body fight infection. The virus stays dormant in these cells for many years, but it can reactivate later in life.

Glandular fever usually occurs 4-6 weeks after someone is infected with the EBV virus. The symptoms can vary from mild to severe and can include:

  • Fever
  • Sore throat
  • Fatigue
  • Swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck
  • Rash
  • Headache
  • Muscle aches
  • Splenomegaly (enlarged spleen)
  • Liver enlargement

Most people recover from glandular fever within 2-4 weeks. However, some people may feel tired for several months. There is no specific treatment for glandular fever. Treatment is aimed at relieving the symptoms. This may include:

  • Rest
  • Plenty of fluids
  • Pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen
  • Over-the-counter throat lozenges or sprays

In rare cases, glandular fever can lead to more serious complications, such as pneumonia or meningitis. However, these complications are uncommon.

The best way to prevent glandular fever is to avoid close contact with people who are infected. This includes avoiding kissing, sharing utensils or drinking glasses, and contact with saliva on toys or other objects.


 

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