Is our own immune system attacking the cell nucleus.

By SWA

A theory not researched yet.

What virus or bacteria can attack or disable the cell nucleus?

Viruses and bacteria typically do not attack or disable the cell nucleus itself. The cell nucleus is a highly protected and essential organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls many cellular processes. It is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, which acts as a barrier to protect the DNA from external threats.

Viruses are much smaller than bacteria and consist of genetic material (either DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat. They lack the cellular machinery necessary to directly attack or disable the cell nucleus. Instead, viruses typically infect cells by binding to specific receptors on the cell's surface and then injecting their genetic material into the cell. Once inside, the viral genetic material can hijack the cell's machinery to replicate itself and produce new virus particles, ultimately leading to the destruction of the infected cell.

Bacteria, on the other hand, are single-celled organisms with a very different structure and mode of action compared to viruses. While bacteria can interact with the host cell in various ways, they do not typically target the cell nucleus itself for attack or disablement. Bacterial infections usually involve the bacteria replicating within the cytoplasm or releasing toxins that can harm the cell or the organism as a whole.

It's worth noting that some viruses, such as herpes viruses, can establish latent infections in the nucleus of host cells, where their genetic material becomes incorporated into the host cell's DNA. However, even in such cases, the virus does not disable the nucleus but rather becomes a part of the host cell's genetic material, remaining dormant until it reactivates.

There are situations where the immune system may mistakenly target components within the cell nucleus or DNA. This can lead to autoimmune diseases, where the immune system identifies the body's own cells or tissues as foreign and mounts an immune response against them. In some autoimmune diseases, antibodies or immune cells may target nuclear antigens or proteins associated with the cell nucleus. Examples of autoimmune diseases that involve the immune system targeting components within the cell nucleus include:

  1. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): SLE is an autoimmune disease where the immune system can produce antibodies against various nuclear components, such as DNA, histones, and ribonucleoproteins. This immune response can lead to inflammation and tissue damage in multiple organs.

  2. Sjögren's Syndrome: This autoimmune condition primarily affects the salivary and tear glands, but it can also involve the immune system targeting nuclear antigens.

  3. Rheumatoid Arthritis: While primarily an autoimmune disease affecting joints, rheumatoid arthritis can also involve immune responses against nuclear antigens.

  4. Antiphospholipid Syndrome: This autoimmune disorder is associated with the production of antibodies against certain phospholipids and phospholipid-binding proteins, some of which are nuclear antigens. Targeting thromboinflammation in antiphospholipid syndrome

It's important to note that these autoimmune diseases are complex, and the specific mechanisms by which the immune system targets nuclear components are not fully understood.

In summary, while the immune system's primary role is to protect the body from external threats, autoimmune diseases can lead to immune responses against components within the cell nucleus, resulting in various health problems.

The cell nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It is often referred to as the "control center" or "brain" of the cell because it houses and protects the cell's genetic material and is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes. Here are some key features and functions of the cell nucleus:

  1. Membrane Bound: The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, which separates its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.

  2. Genetic Material: Inside the nucleus, you'll find DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which carries the genetic instructions for the cell's structure and function. This genetic material is organized into structures called chromosomes.

  3. Nucleolus: The nucleolus is a substructure within the nucleus responsible for ribosome synthesis. Ribosomes are cellular structures involved in protein synthesis.

  4. Transcription: The nucleus is the site of transcription, where DNA is used as a template to synthesize RNA molecules. This process is crucial for protein synthesis.

  5. Regulation: The nucleus plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression. It controls which genes are turned on (expressed) and which are turned off (repressed) in response to various signals and needs of the cell.

  6. Replication: DNA replication, necessary for cell division, occurs within the nucleus. The DNA is duplicated before cell division to ensure that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information.

  7. Protection: The nuclear envelope provides a protective barrier that separates the genetic material from the rest of the cell's components. This barrier helps prevent damage to the DNA.

  8. Transport: Molecules such as RNA, proteins, and various other cellular factors move in and out of the nucleus through specialized channels called nuclear pores. This regulation of molecular traffic is essential for maintaining cellular functions.

  9. Organization: The DNA in the nucleus is tightly coiled and organized into structures called chromosomes during cell division. When the cell is not dividing, the DNA is less condensed and forms a complex known as chromatin.

The cell nucleus is a vital organelle in eukaryotic cells that plays a central role in controlling gene expression, protecting genetic material, and regulating key cellular processes, such as protein synthesis and cell division.

Let's keep asking questions.

May I suggest this educational refresher on "Cell Nucleus Structure & Function"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u5MozvAH32c

The Lancet states that:
"Despite the tremendous progress in the clinical management of autoimmune diseases, many patients do not respond to the currently used treatments. Autoreactive B cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis."
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(23)01126-1/fulltext?dgcid=raven_jbs_aip_email
However it does not provide the answer way? 


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