Why does Aspirin cause Reye's syndrome?

By SWA

Symptoms of Reye's syndrome increase if aspirin enters their body, which worsens damage to mitochondria.
Damaged mitochondria causes levels of ammonia to increase in their blood, followed by swelling of their brain (cerebral edema and intracranial pressure).

What is Reye's syndrome and how does aspirin cause it?
The exact process (pathophysiology) of how Reye's syndrome affects your child's body is unknown. Studies show that the condition progresses when damaged mitochondria cells pair with a viral illness or infection. Symptoms of Reye's syndrome increase if aspirin enters their body, which worsens damage to mitochondria.

"Reye’s syndrome is a rare condition that happens in children after a viral infection or illness, especially if they took aspirin (salicylate) to treat their symptoms. Reye’s syndrome targets their brain, blood and liver. Symptoms can be life-threatening if not treated early."  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/6088-reyes-syndrome

Reye's syndrome is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that primarily affects children and teenagers, although it can occur at any age. It is often associated with viral infections, such as the flu or chickenpox, and the use of aspirin or medications containing salicylates during or shortly after these infections. While the exact cause of Reye's syndrome is not fully understood, there is a clear link between the use of aspirin in individuals with certain viral infections and the development of the syndrome.

The symptoms of Reye's syndrome can include:

  1. Persistent vomiting: Vomiting is often severe and may not subside.

  2. Confusion or delirium: The affected person may become disoriented, agitated, or lethargic.

  3. Personality changes: Individuals may experience mood swings or unusual behavior.

  4. Seizures: Seizures can occur, which may be generalized or focal.

  5. Loss of consciousness: In severe cases, individuals may lose consciousness or slip into a coma.

  6. Liver dysfunction: Liver problems, such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), can occur.

  7. Rapid breathing: Breathing may become rapid and shallow.

  8. Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar levels can develop.

     In adults, if Reye's syndrome were to occur, it might present with symptoms similar to those seen in children and teenagers, such as confusion, seizures, and liver dysfunction. However, the overall risk of developing Reye's syndrome from aspirin use in adults is considered to be very low.

Nonetheless, it's essential to exercise caution when using aspirin or medications containing salicylates in adults, especially if they have certain medical conditions or are taking other medications. Aspirin is commonly used in adults for its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties, but it should be used according to the recommended dosages and under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

 

It's crucial to note that Reye's syndrome is a medical emergency, and immediate medical attention is required if it is suspected. The association between Reye's syndrome and aspirin use has led to recommendations that aspirin should not be given to children or teenagers with viral infections, especially those caused by the flu or chickenpox. Instead, acetaminophen (Tylenol) is often recommended as a safer alternative for managing fever and pain in these cases.

If you suspect someone may have Reye's syndrome, seek immediate medical help, and inform the healthcare provider about any recent use of aspirin or medications containing salicylates. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a better prognosis.

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