Myelodysplastic Syndrome

By SWA

Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of cancers in which immature blood cells in the bone marrow do not mature or become healthy blood cells. In a healthy person, the bone marrow makes blood stem cells (immature cells) that become mature blood cells over time.

How serious is myelodysplasia?

Risk of development into leukaemia. Some people with MDS go on to develop acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), which is cancer of the white blood cells. This is known as "transformation". It can take a few months or up to several years before transformation takes place.

What are the red flags for MDS?

Symptoms of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) may include any of the following: Headache, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, paleness, and fatigue. These result from anemia. Susceptibility to infections, especially in the lungs, throat, sinuses, and skin, as well as mouth or ear infections or periodontal disease.

How does MDS make you feel?

The main symptoms of MDS are: anaemia - this can make you feel very tired, weak and breathless. bruising and bleeding easily. infections.

Is myelodysplasia painful?

Some people with leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes have bone or joint pain. This bone pain is most often felt in the long bones of the arms and legs, in the ribs and in the breastbone. Joint pain and swelling of the large joints, like the hips and shoulders, sometimes starts several weeks after bone pain begins.

What are the diagnostic criteria for MDS?

Myelodysplastic syndromes: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines ...

Diagnosis and pathology/molecular biology. Diagnosis of MDS is based on blood and bone marrow examination, showing blood cytopaenias, generally hypercellular (but sometimes hypocellular) marrow with dysplasia, with or without an excess of blasts.

How to test for Myelodysplastic

In addition to a physical examination, the following tests may be used to diagnose MDS:

    Blood tests. ...
    Peripheral (circulating) blood smears. ...
    Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. ...
    Molecular testing. ...
    Cytogenetic (chromosomal) analysis. ...
    Immunophenotyping. ...
    Genetic profiling using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of DNA.

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