Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD)

By SWA

Overview and Treatment

What is Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD)? Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD) is a medical condition characterized by abnormal growth or development of cells in the walls of some arteries, leading to stenosis or narrowing of the arteries. This can cause high blood pressure, kidney dysfunction, and other serious health problems. The exact cause of FMD is still under study, although genetics may play a role. Notably, it's more common in women of childbearing age, suggesting a possible hormonal connection.

Causes and Genetic Factors

  • General Causes: The specific causes of FMD are not well understood. Hormonal influences and genetic predispositions are suspected.
  • Genetic Links: Recent studies have identified several genes associated with FMD, including ATP2B1, LRP1, LIMA1, and PHACTR1.

Symptoms of Fibromuscular Dysplasia

  • Headaches and migraines
  • Neck pain
  • High blood pressure
  • Poor kidney function
  • Lightheadedness
  • Changes in vision
  • Numbness or weakness in the facial muscles
  • Cold limbs

Diagnosis of Fibromuscular Dysplasia To confirm FMD, doctors may use imaging techniques such as:

  • Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA)
  • Duplex ultrasound
  • Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)
  • Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)

Common Treatments for FMD

  • Non-Surgical: Annual imaging studies to monitor the condition, medication to manage symptoms like high blood pressure.
  • Surgical: Angioplasty with stenting to open narrowed arteries, surgery for severe aneurysms.
  • Definitive Treatments: Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) is often used for renal artery involvements.

Carotid Artery Involvement

  • Location: The carotid arteries are located on both sides of the neck, each side having an internal and an external artery.
  • Symptoms of Blockage: Include blurred vision, confusion, memory loss, and difficulty with speech.
  • Treatment for Blockage: Carotid angioplasty and stenting are common treatments to clear clogged carotid arteries.

FAQs About FMD

  • Can FMD Go Away? There is no cure for FMD, but treatments are available to manage symptoms and prevent complications like strokes.
  • Role of Magnesium: Magnesium has been shown to inhibit plaque formation and reduce heart disease risks, although it does not dissolve arterial plaque.
  • Specialist Consultation: Management of FMD typically involves a team of specialists including vascular medicine specialists, cardiologists, and vascular surgeons.

This organized approach provides a comprehensive overview of FMD, from symptoms and diagnosis to treatment options and specialist care.

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