Understanding GPCR Autoantibodies: Roles, Risks, and Responses in Inflammation and Disease
What are GPCR Autoantibodies?
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What Do GPCRs and Autoantibodies Do?
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What If Something Goes Wrong?
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What Causes Dysfunction in GPCRs or Autoantibodies?
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What Are the Interventions or Responses?
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What Are GPCR Autoantibodies?
GPCR autoantibodies are a type of functional autoantibody that targets G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)—a large family of membrane proteins involved in transmitting signals across cells. These autoantibodies can disrupt normal signaling pathways, contribute to disease, or, in some cases, modulate immune responses.
In the context of Long COVID, researchers have identified GPCR autoantibodies that may play a role in persistent symptoms by affecting vascular and autonomic function:
Functional Autoantibodies Targeting GPCRs in Long-COVID
What Do GPCRs and Autoantibodies Do?
GPCRs: Signal Transmitters
G-protein-coupled receptors are involved in a wide range of physiological responses, including hormone activity, sensory perception, immune regulation, and cardiovascular function.
Nature Education: What Happens When a GPCR is Activated
G Proteins and GPCRs in Cardiovascular Disease
GPCRs in Inflammation
GPCRs in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Class B GPCRs and Hormones
GPCRs and Histamine Receptors
Autoantibodies Against GPCRs:
Anti-GPCR antibodies can modulate signaling pathways or directly eliminate diseased cells through mechanisms like antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) or phagocytosis (ADCP).
Anti-GPCR Antibodies Overview – Biocytogen
What If Something Goes Wrong?
Elevated IgG:
High IgG levels can indicate infection, inflammation, or autoimmune diseases affecting the central nervous system.
IgG4 Deficiency:
Symptoms can vary widely and often include fatigue, organ inflammation, and visible swelling or pain in areas such as the eyes.
GPCR-Related Disorders:
GPCR mutations are linked to numerous disorders, including hormone resistance, retinal degeneration, metabolic dysfunction, and cancer.
Diseases Caused by GPCR Mutations – PubMed
G Protein Alpha Subunit Mutation Effects
What Causes Dysfunction in GPCRs or Autoantibodies?
Triggers of GPCR Activation:
GPCRs are activated by a wide range of external stimuli such as hormones, neurotransmitters, chemokines, odorants, and more.
GPCR Activation Triggers – NCBI
G Proteins and Their Associated Ligands – Wikipedia
Protein Damage:
Both internal (oxidative stress, immune activity) and external factors can damage proteins, including GPCRs and antibodies.
What Are the Interventions or Responses?
Body’s Natural Defense:
The immune system produces antibodies to recognize and neutralize harmful pathogens.
Antimicrobial Proteins:
These include interferons, complement proteins, and iron-binding molecules that directly fight infections.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents:
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are hormone-based drugs used to suppress inflammation via the glucocorticoid receptor.
Glucocorticoids and Inflammation – PubMed
Dietary Considerations:
Excess protein intake may harm kidney function over time by increasing filtration stress.
High Protein Diet and Kidney Risk
© 2000-2025 Sieglinde W. Alexander. All writings by Sieglinde W. Alexander have a fife year copy right. Library of Congress Card Number: LCN 00-192742
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