Explanation of the relationship between NOD2, NLRC4, T3SS, and bacterial pathogens:
Explanation for: Yao Syndrome: A Comprehensive Overview The NOD2 gene's normal function is to sense bacterial components and trigger an immune response to fight infection. Its dysfunction, caused by genetic mutations, can lead to an overactive (gain-of-function) or underactive ( loss-of-function ) immune response. NOD2 and NLRC4 are both intracellular immune receptors that help the host detect bacterial infections and initiate immune responses. While they function through different mechanisms, recent evidence shows they can interact and influence each other , especially during bacterial infections. NOD2 is known for recognizing bacterial peptidoglycan components (specifically muramyl dipeptide, MDP) and plays a key role in maintaining immune balance. Mutations in NOD2 are linked to inflammatory diseases like Crohn’s disease. NLRC4 , on the other hand, forms part of a larger protein complex called the inflammasome , which activates inflammatory responses, including the ...