Skeletal Muscle Weakness - 𝐖𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐚 and Mitochondrial Changes in Skeletal Muscle

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This is a collection of skeletal muscle weakness-related illnesses.

β-Hydroxybutyrate Elicits Favorable Mitochondrial Changes in Skeletal Muscle

 The clinical benefit of ketosis has historically and almost exclusively centered on neurological conditions, lending insight into how ketones alter mitochondrial function in neurons. However, there is a gap in our understanding of how ketones influence mitochondria within skeletal muscle cells. 
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30071599/

The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is synthesized in the liver from fatty acids and represents an essential carrier of energy from the liver to peripheral tissues when the supply of glucose is too low for the body's energetic needs. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6640868/ 

Post-polio syndrome and muscle weakness

Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a disorder of the nerves and muscles. It happens in some people many years after they have had polio. PPS may cause new muscle weakness that gets worse over time, pain in the muscles and joints, and tiredness. People with PPS often feel exhausted.
https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/p/post-polio-syndrome.html

Muscular Dystrophy: A group of genetic disorders causing progressive muscle degeneration.

Muscular dystrophy refers to a group of more than 30 genetic conditions that cause muscle weakness and other muscle-related symptoms. The symptoms of muscular dystrophy get worse over time. It can be present at birth, develop in childhood or develop in adulthood depending on the type. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14128-muscular-dystrophy

Myasthenia Gravis: An autoimmune disease affecting neuromuscular communication.

Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune, neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles (the muscles that connect to your bones and contract to allow body movement in the arms and legs, and allow for breathing) 
https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/myasthenia-gravis

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): A neurodegenerative disease leading to muscle weakness and paralysis.

Overview. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (a-my-o-TROE-fik LAT-ur-ul skluh-ROE-sis), known as ALS, is a nervous system disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. ALS causes loss of muscle control. The disease gets worse over time. 
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354022

Peripheral Neuropathy: Nerve damage resulting in muscle weakness, often in extremities.

Peripheral neuropathy happens when the nerves that are located outside of the brain and spinal cord (peripheral nerves) are damaged. This condition often causes weakness, numbness and pain, usually in the hands and feet.    Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS): An autoimmune disorder causing muscle weakness and numbness. Use keywords like "Guillain-Barré Syndrome research" to find relevant publications. 
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peripheral-neuropathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352061

Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Autoimmune diseases with muscle inflammation and weakness. Look for "Polymyositis research" or "Dermatomyositis studies."

            What is the difference between polymyositis and dermatomyositis?

Polymyositis and dermatomyositis are autoimmune diseases that cause inflammation of the muscles, most commonly the upper arms and thighs, resulting in weakness. Polymyositis affects mainly the muscles while dermatomyositis can cause skin lesions in addition to muscle inflammation. Inflammatory Diseases of the Muscle: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: 
https://www.brighamandwomens.org/medicine/rheumatology-inflammation-immunity/services/polymyositis-and-dermatomyositis

Polymyositis: 
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12053-polymyositis

 Inflammatory Myopathies: Conditions characterized by chronic muscle inflammation.

What are inflammatory myopathies? The inflammatory myopathies are a group of rare diseases that involve chronic (long-standing) muscle inflammation, muscle weakness, and in some cases, muscle pain. Myopathy is a general term used to describe a number of conditions affecting the muscles. to find related research articles. 
https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/inflammatory-myopathies

 Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA): A genetic disorder affecting motor neurons and causing muscle atrophy.

One approach researchers are pursuing for SMA focuses on protecting muscles from paralysis and increasing their strength. Although this approach does not fix the underlying genetic problem in SMA, drugs that enhance muscle function could likely be used in combination with other therapies that act on the SMN genes. https://www.mda.org/disease/spinal-muscular-atrophy/research

Metabolic Myopathies: Muscle disorders affecting energy production.

Metabolic myopathies should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with exercise-induced muscle symptoms, static or progressive myopathy, isolated neuromuscular respiratory weakness, and muscle disease associated with systemic conditions. Also search for "Metabolic Myopathies studies" or "Glycogen Storage Diseases research." 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10563931/

Muscle Atrophy: Research on muscle atrophy due to disuse or

Muscle atrophy is the wasting or thinning of muscle mass. It can be caused by disuse of your muscles or neurogenic conditions. Symptoms include a decrease in muscle mass, one limb being smaller than the other, and numbness, weakness and tingling in your limbs.    Infections: To find publications related to muscle weakness caused by infections, use keywords such as "Viral Myositis research" or "Bacterial Myositis studies." 
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22310-muscle-atrophy

 Endocrine Disorders: For muscle weakness linked to endocrine issues,

Hypothyroidism and muscle weakness

Hypothyroid myopathy is characterized by myalgia and weakness and affects almost 80 percent of patients with hypothyroidism. Patients with severe or untreated hypothyroidism can develop significant muscle disease leading to severe functional limitations.  
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519513/ 

Medication Side Effects: 

          To explore publications on medications causing muscle weakness, use specific drug names in your search, such as "Corticosteroid-induced Muscle Weakness research."

To access these publications, consider using academic databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, or your institution's library resources, which will provide access to a wide range of research articles and studies on these skeletal muscle weakness-related illnesses. 

𝐖𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐚 - 𝐋𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐜 𝐍𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞 - 𝐈𝐧𝐣𝐮𝐫𝐲

Category

Details

Causes

Muscular Weakness or Imbalance: Weakening or imbalance of the muscles responsible for scapular stability, such as the serratus anterior or trapezius muscles

Causes

Nerve Damage: Injury or damage to the long thoracic nerve, which innervates the serratus anterior muscle, can lead to winging

Causes

Trauma: Direct trauma to the shoulder region may result in scapular winging

Symptoms

Visible Protrusion: The scapula visibly protrudes or lifts away from the back

Symptoms

Shoulder Weakness: Associated weakness or difficulty in lifting the arm or performing certain movements

Symptoms

Pain: Discomfort or pain in the shoulder or upper back region

Diagnosis

Physical Examination: A healthcare professional may assess scapular movement and muscle strength

Diagnosis

Electromyography (EMG): This test evaluates electrical activity in muscles and nerves

Diagnosis

Imaging Studies: X-rays or other imaging modalities may be used to assess bone and muscle structure

Treatment

PhysioTherapy: Strengthening exercises to improve muscle balance and stability

Treatment

Nerve Rehabilitation: If nerve damage is the cause, specific rehabilitation exercises may be recommended

Treatment

Bracing or Taping: Supportive devices may be used to stabilize the scapula

Treatment

Surgery: In severe cases or when conservative measures fail, surgical intervention may be considered

Skeletal Muscle Fiber with Dr. Masi

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0JXEjKd_axo

© 2000-2030 Sieglinde W. Alexander. All writings by Sieglinde W. Alexander have a fife year copy right. Library of Congress Card Number: LCN 00-192742 ISBN: 0-9703195-0-9

 

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