Serotonin Syndrome: Too Much or Too Little Serotonin – Causes, Symptoms, and Therapeutic Challenges
The serotonin system is one of the most important neurotransmitter systems in the human body. It not only regulates our mood but also our sleep-wake cycle, digestion, pain perception, and temperature control. A disruption in this system—either due to a deficiency or an excess of serotonin—can lead to serious health problems. Particularly critical is the so-called serotonin syndrome , a potentially life-threatening reaction caused by excessive serotonergic activity. In contrast, a serotonergic dysfunction due to low serotonin levels can promote psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, or eating disorders. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the causes, symptoms, diagnostics, and treatment options for serotonin syndrome and serotonergic dysfunctions. 1. Serotonin – A Central Neurotransmitter Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a neurotransmitter that acts primarily in the central nervous system (CNS) and the gastrointestinal tract. It influence...